1. – Metzger ↑

 

    1. – Lee ↑

 

    1. – Ekoe, Punthakee, Ransom, Prebtani & Goldenberg ↑

 

      1. – Phenotype: فتوتیپ بروز قابل مشاهده یک ژنوتیپ به عنوان صفتی ظاهری، بالینی با بیوشیمیایی یا مولکولی است. ↑

 

    1. – Levy ↑

 

      1. – وجود چندین ژن همردیف (آلل) برای یک صفت خاص ↑

 

    1. – Pima ↑

 

    1. – American Diabetes Association ↑

 

    1. – World Health Organization ↑

 

    1. – Goguen & Gillbert ↑

 

    1. – Porter, Beers & Berkow ↑

 

    1. – Clayton, Woo & Yale ↑

 

    1. – McFarlane, Gillbert, MacCallum & Senior ↑

 

    1. – Bril, Perkins & Toth ↑

 

    1. – Poirier, Dufour, Carpentier & Larose ↑

 

    1. – Stone, Fitchett, Grover, Lewanczuk & Lin ↑

 

    1. – Ginslurg & Aiello ↑

 

    1. – National Diabetes Data Group ↑

 

    1. – Kahn & Hiller ↑

 

    1. – Palmberg ↑

 

    1. – Krolewski, Warram & Freire ↑

 

    1. – منظور از پرولیفتراتیو یا تکثیری، حالتی است که رگهای خونی جدید و غیرطبیعی بر روی سطح شبکیه رشد می‌کنند. ↑

 

    1. – Wood Cock, Bradley, Plowright, Ffytche, Kennedy & Hirsch ↑

 

    1. – Evans ↑

 

    1. – Amos, McCarty & Zimmet ↑

 

    1. – Staples ↑

 

    1. – Joronen ↑

 

    1. – Roothman, Kirsten & Wissing ↑

 

    1. – Stephens, Dulberg & Joubert ↑

 

    1. – Epstin ↑

 

    1. – Martin & Rubin ↑

 

    1. – Adams, Bezner & Steinhardt ↑

 

    1. – Ryff & Singer ↑

 

    1. – Pretoris ↑

 

    1. – Costa & Mccare ↑

 

    1. – Jung ↑

 

    1. – Allport ↑

 

    1. – Buhler ↑

 

    1. – Keyez ↑

 

    1. – Coward & Reed ↑

 

    1. – Ryan & Deci ↑

 

    1. – Wissing & Van Eeden ↑

 

    1. – Karademas ↑

 

    1. – Steenbarger ↑

 

    1. – resilience ↑

 

    1. – positive psychology ↑

 

    1. – happiness ↑

 

    1. – hope ↑

 

    1. – well-being ↑

 

    1. – self- esteem ↑

 

    1. – successful adoption ↑

 

    1. – Darwin ↑

 

    1. – Cicchetti & Cohen ↑

 

    1. – hardiness ↑

 

    1. – invulnerability ↑

 

    1. – anthony ↑

 

    1. – Kobasa ↑

 

    1. – Maddi & Khoshaba ↑

 

    1. – Stewart, Ried, & Mangham ↑

 

    1. – bounce back ↑

 

    1. ۳- Garmezy, Masten,& Tellegen ↑

 

    1. – Rutter ↑

 

    1. – Doo ↑

 

    1. – internal factors ↑

 

    1. – external factors ↑

 

    1. – intelligent ↑

 

    1. – personality traits ↑

 

    1. – self- efficacy ↑

 

    1. – social support ↑

 

    1. – protective factors ↑

 

    1. – risk factors ↑

 

    1. – conceptual model ↑

 

    1. – process model ↑

 

    1. – Richardson, Neiger, Jensen,& Kumpfer ↑

 

    1. – stressors or challenges ↑

 

    1. – external environmental context ↑

 

    1. – person- environment interactional processes ↑

 

    1. – internal self characteristics ↑

 

    1. – positive outcomes ↑

 

    1. – additive ↑

 

    1. – interactive ↑

 

    1. – indirect ↑

 

    1. – assets ↑

 

    1. – Valle, Huebney & Suldo ↑

 

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